Pathology of General Physical Education Courses in High Education institutes and Universities in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Full professor, Sport Management Department, Physical Education Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers and challenges of general physical education courses in universities and higher education institutes in Iran. General physical education courses and their implementation and effectiveness in different universities have always been of interest to researchers while considerable research has been done in this field. The wide range of issues related to general physical education courses has prompted various domestic researchers in Iran to study this field from different aspects. A meta-analysis can combine and arrange the multiple and dispersed analyzes carried out in this area. For this purpose, 33 research documents related to general physical education courses were evaluated and the challenges of general physical education course were identified and categorized in 42 items and in 4 main components including purpose, content, method and evaluation. Therefore, suggestions were delivered for effective implementation for these courses in universities.

Keywords


  1. Abedi, A., oreyzi, H., Mohammad Zadeh, F. (2006). An Introduction to the Meta Analysis Method in Educational Researches. Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities, 12(49): 122-140 (in Persian).
  2. Ahmadi, A., Malekshahi, M. (2014). Description and Comparison of Students' Attitudes toward Physical Activities in Terms of Sport Fields Chosen. Sport Psychology Studies, 3(9), 54-39 (in Persian).
  3. Asadi, H. (2001). Student Needs Assessment and Survey on Sporting Activities of Universities and Institutions of Higher Education in Tehran. Research Project, Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran (in Persian).
  4. Azizan, M. (2018). Evaluation and Comparison of the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of General Physical Education Units (1) Islamic Azad University of Qods Branch from the Viewpoint of male and female Students. M.Sc. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Qods Branch (in Persian). 
  5. Badooyi, D. (2015). Performance Evaluation of General Physical Education Unit of Mashhad Universities Using Balanced Scorecard. M.Sc. Thesis, Imam Reza International University (in Persian).
  6. Bagheri, L. (2011). A comparative study of the status of teaching physical education in the universities of Iran, Canada and Malaysia. M.Sc. Thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University (in Persian).
  7. Bavarsad, Z. (2008). Investigating Student Satisfaction from Extracurricular Sport Activities in Dormitories of University of Tehran. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran (in Persian).
  8. Bayat, A. (2012). Identifying Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Public Physical Education Course from the Viewpoints of Arak Islamic Azad University and Arak State University Students. M.Sc. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (in Persian).
  9. Behzadnia, B. (2019). Promoting Student Participation in Physical Education Programs: A Well-Being Model. First International and Third National Conference in Sport Sciences Innovations, Ardabil, Iran (in Persian).
  10. Bonyan, A., Kashef, M. (2004). Investigating the Educational Content and Evaluation Method of General Physical Education Unit 1 in Universities. Research in Sport Sciences, 5:15-26 (in Persian).
  11. Dadras, M., Keshkar, S., Farzandi, F. (2016). The Evaluation of Time Proportion to Educational Effectiveness of General Physical Education Course (1) in Tehran State Universities. Journal of Sport Management, 8(1), 87-101 (in Persian).
  12. Esmaili, M. (2003). Physical activity. Daneshafruz Publication (in Persian).
  13. Farahani, A. (2007). General Physical Education, Payam Noor University publication (in Persian).
  14. Ghenaati, E. (2013). Analyzing Status of General Physical Education Books. M.Sc. Thesis, Payam Noor University (in Persian).  
  15. Gol-Sanamloo, M. (2011). Sistan and Baluchestan University Students' Perception of General Physical Education Courses and Their Relationship with their Participation in Sport Activities. M.Sc. Thesis, Payam Noor University (in Persian).
  16. Habibollahi, A. (2010). Investigating Effectiveness of Extracurricular Sport Activities in University of Tehran. M.Sc. Thesis, Islamic Azad University: Research and Sciences Branch (in Persian).
  17. Hashemian, S., Yaghubi, H., Rafiee, V. (2011). Designing the Optimal and Fit Model for Correct and Principle Execute Lessons Physical Education of Masters and Students Approach According to Equipment at the Fars Islamic Azad University. Research Project, Islamic Azad University: Marvdasht Branch (in Persian).
  18. Hazavehei S, Asadi Z, Hasanzade A, Shekarchizadeh P. (2009). A Study on the Effect of Physical Education (Π) Curriculum Based on BASNEF Model on Female Students’ Regular Physical Activity in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Med Biomed Res. 17 (69):70-83 (in Persian).
  19. Hazavehei, S M M., Asadi, Z., Hassanzadeh, A., Shekarchizadeh, P. (2008). Comparing the Effect of Two Methods of Presenting Physical Education Π Course on the Attitudes and Practices of Female Students towards Regular Physical Activity in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education; 8 (1):121-131 (in Persian).
  20. Igdari, F. (2017). A Comparative Study on General Physical Education Status in Iran with Germany, Australia and Canada. M.Sc. Thesis, Payam Noor University (in Persian).
  21. Jalali Farahani, M. (2005). Investigating Strengths and Weaknesses of Physical Education Units 1 & 2 in University of Tehran. Research Project, University of Tehran (in Persian).
  22. Kargar-fard, M. (2007). Organizing assessments of general physical education (2), Olympic, 15: 15-25 (in Persian).
  23. Kargarfard, M., Ghahraki, S. (2006). The investigation of the current status of physical education courses at Islamic Azad Universities in Zone four. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 2(4), 45-57 (in Persian).
  24. Khandan, I. (2010). Identifying Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Public Physical Education Unit 1 and 2 from the Viewpoints of Shahid Chamran University Students in Ahvaz. M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Chamran University (in Persian).
  25. Leslie, E., Fotheringham, MJ., Owen, N., Bauman, A. (2001). Age-related differences in physical activity levels of young adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(2): 255-258.
  26. Mohamadian, F., Mozafari, AA., Nobakht, F. (2012). The Effect of General Physical Education 1 on Physical Fitness and Attitude of Female Students towards Motor Activities. Sport Management Studies, 4(2): 45-60 (in Persian).  
  27. Noroozi, H. (2004). Investigating Effectiveness of General Physical Education 1 & 2 from coaches and students perspectives in Ferdowsi Mashhad University. M.Sc. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University (in Persian).
  28. Pour-Ostad, A. (2019). The Impact of General Physical Education Classes on Attitude and Intention for Future Student Participation in Sport. M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Chamran University (in Persian).
  29. Rahbar, A., Jalilvand, J., Namroodi, M. (2015). Assessment and Evaluation of Existing Situation in General Physical Education Courses in Zahedan Islamic Azad University. First Conference on new Achievements in Physical Education and Sport, International University of Chabahar, Chabahar (in Persian).
  30.  Ramezani, A. (2002). Optimizing Physical Education 1 & 2 from male Professors and Students perspectives in Selected Universities of Tehran. M.Sc. Thesis, Kharazmi University (in Persian).
  31. Safavizadeh, A. (2002). A survey of attitude of male and female students of Amir Kabir University of Technology on the performance of general physical education unit (1) and (2) in the academic year of 2000-2001. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran (in Persian).
  32. Salehi Moghadam, F., saatchian, V., Esfahani, M., azizi, B. (2020). The Role of Non-Verbal Communication among Physical Education Instructors in University on Emotional Responses and Student's Satisfaction. Applied Research in Sport Management, 8(3), 59-70 (in Persian).
  33. Salimi, M. (2016). Professional Ethics Elements of General Physical Education Teachers in Colleges. Ethics in science and Technology, 11 (2):51-60 (in Persian).
  34. Salimi, M., Moslehi, L. (2016). Identifying the Components and Indicators of Evaluating General Physical Education Teachers. Research on Educational Sport, 4(10): 17-34 (in Persian).
  35. Salman, Z., Kashgar, S., Moghadasin, M. (2013). The Effectiveness of Stationary and Endurance Training Methods and Students' Satisfaction with General Physical Education Classes (1). Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 9 (18): 62-43 (in Persian).
  36. Sayarnezhad, J., Mozafari, AM. (2007). Describing the Status of Instructional Program, Faculty, Facilities and Equipment and Budget of Physical Education General Curriculum at Azad Islamic Universities of Iran. Harkat, 31: 41-56 (in Persian).
  37. Shahidi, F., Baghaeeyan, M., Gholami, M. (2015). Providing Norms in Preparation Skills in the General Physical Education Female Students. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 6(21), 157-174 (in Persian).
  38. Sparling, P. B., & Snow, T. K. (2002). Physical activity patterns in recent college alumni. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 73(2), 200-205. 
  39. Sullivan, S. L., Keating, X. D., Chen, L., Guan, J., Delzeit-McIntyre, L., & Bridges, D. (2008). Physical Education and General Health Courses and Minority Community College Student Risk Levels for Poor Health and Leisure-Time Exercise Patterns. College Student Journal, 42(1): 132-152 (in Persian).
  40. Varzdar, H., Poursoltani Zarandi, H., Ghasemi, H., Ghare, MA. (2015). Comparison of Attitude and Orientation of Female Students of Karaj Universities to Motor and Sport Activities after Passing General Physical Education Unit (1). First Conference on new Achievements in Physical Education and Sport, International University of Chabahar, Chabahar (in Persian).
  41. Zare, S., Zare, A., Najafzadeh, MR. (2015). The Effect of General Physical Education Course on Student Motivation of Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch. Management and Organizational Behavior in Sport, 1(4): 23-32 (in Persian).
  42. Zolaktaf, V. (2000). General Physical education (1) evaluating ordination through standardizing physical education tests and preparing norms in Isfahan University. Research project. Isfahan University (in Persian).